🇱🇧 CIS LEBANON SECURITY INDEX™ – Wednesday, Feb 5 2026

📊 TODAY’S LEBANON SECURITY INDEX READING

INDEX LEVEL: 🔴 CRITICAL
TODAY’S OVERALL INDEX: 90/100
TREND ANALYSIS: ⚡ SEVERE ESCALATION – CHEMICAL WARFARE & HIGHEST STRIKE LEVELS SINCE CEASEFIRE

🚨 BREAKING: CHEMICAL ATTACKS CONFIRMED – 50+ RAIDS IN JANUARY ALONE

CRITICAL DEVELOPMENTS – WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2026:

CHEMICAL WARFARE TODAY: Israeli forces have been spraying land in southern Lebanon with unknown chemicals (published today February 5). President Joseph Aoun accused Israel of committing an environmental crime after Israeli aircraft sprayed an unknown substance over southern Lebanese towns on Wednesday (today).

FRESH STRIKES TODAY: The IDF says it has launched a wave of airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in several areas of Lebanon today. According to Lebanese media, one strike hit an area near the southern Lebanese town of Mahmoudiyeh.

HIGHEST ATTACK LEVEL SINCE CEASEFIRE: Israeli warplanes conducted more than 50 raids on Lebanon last month amid major surge in attacks, says refugee NGO. The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) said on Thursday that Israeli warplanes had carried out at least 50 air raids on Lebanon in January – about double the number of the previous month, marking the highest level since the November 2024 ceasefire.

SYSTEMATIC SURGE IN ATTACKS: The NRC said the repeated attacks made a mockery of the ceasefire agreed between Israel and Lebanon in November 2024. The humanitarian organization said Israel is carrying out a “clear and dangerous” surge in air attacks on Lebanon.

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES ESCALATE: Lebanon documents Israeli spraying of ‘toxic substances,’ plans UN Security Council complaint. This follows President Aoun’s condemnation yesterday (February 4) of Israel’s dropping of toxic chemical substances over Lebanon.

MASSIVE TOTAL VIOLATIONS: The Lebanese government says it documented 2,036 Israeli breaches of Lebanon’s sovereignty in the last three months of 2025 alone. Israel has killed more than 330 people in Lebanon since the ceasefire, including at least 127 civilians.

HEZBOLLAH’S EXTREME RESTRAINT: Hezbollah has launched only one attack in the 14 months since the ceasefire, while Israel has killed more than 330 people in Lebanon. This demonstrates extraordinary restraint amid systematic violations.

DISPLACEMENT CRISIS CONTINUES: Approximately 64,000 people have already been displaced by the conflict and ongoing attacks. The attacks have struck targets in dozens of cities and villages in southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley, destroying homes and displacing families.

AID DISRUPTION: Aid agencies, including NRC, are still dealing with the aftermath and consequences of months of destructive conflict which left much of Lebanon in ruins. The ongoing attacks are hampering much-needed reconstruction efforts.

ECONOMIC DEVASTATION: Israeli bombing led to an estimated $10 billion to $11 billion in damage to infrastructure and private assets. One in three Lebanese people live under the poverty line, according to Social Affairs Minister Haneen Sayed speaking at World Governments Summit in Dubai.

SYRIA REFUGEE PLAN: Lebanon aims for the majority of the estimated one million Syrian refugees to return home this year. To date, about 500,000 of the estimated 1.5 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon have returned. Social Affairs Minister says “We can’t carry this burden any longer” given Lebanon’s per capita hosting strain.

🌡️ COMPREHENSIVE GOVERNORATE-BY-GOVERNORATE SECURITY ASSESSMENT

BEIRUT 🏙️

Index Reading: 84/100 🔴
Status: Critical with Environmental Crime Response. The capital experiences maximum governmental crisis as President Joseph Aoun today accused Israel of committing an environmental crime after Israeli aircraft sprayed unknown chemicals over southern Lebanese towns.

The government prepares UN Security Council complaint documenting Israel’s spraying of toxic substances, adding chemical warfare to the already massive violation documentation (2,036 breaches October-December 2025 alone).

President Aoun and Prime Minister Nawaf Salam’s government operates under extreme pressure as 50+ Israeli airstrikes in January (double previous month) represents highest attack level since November 2024 ceasefire. This systematic surge creates impossible framework for governmental authority and civilian protection.

The economic situation remains catastrophic with $10-11 billion in damage from Israeli bombing and one in three Lebanese living under poverty line. Social Affairs Minister Haneen Sayed at Dubai’s World Governments Summit highlighted severe economic strain while discussing Syrian refugee return plans.

LAF Commander Haykal’s Washington visit (February 3-5, ending today) sought military support while Israel escalates chemical warfare and attacks. The disconnect between diplomatic efforts and escalating violations creates maximum governmental crisis.

Key Factor: Today’s chemical warfare accusations and planned UN complaint while 50+ January strikes represent highest ceasefire violation level creating environmental crime alongside systematic military aggression.

MOUNT LEBANON 🏞️

Index Reading: 81/100 🔴
Status: Critical with Displacement Pressure. The governorate manages approximately 64,000 displaced Lebanese from ongoing Israeli attacks and chemical warfare in south and Bekaa Valley, creating sustained humanitarian crisis.

Business operations face severe challenges as today’s chemical warfare accusations combined with 50+ January airstrikes (highest since ceasefire) eliminate economic confidence. The systematic surge in attacks (double previous month) demonstrates escalating pattern affecting regional stability.

Tourism sector remains impossible as chemical warfare, 50+ monthly raids, and 330+ killed since ceasefire eliminate international visitor confidence. The environmental crime accusations add new dimension to ongoing security crisis.

The region serves as primary destination for 64,000 displaced persons, with infrastructure severely strained by humanitarian needs while $10-11 billion in national damage affects overall economic capacity.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare today and 50+ January strikes (double previous month) creating displacement pressure while 64,000 displaced strain resources.

NORTH LEBANON 🌊

Index Reading: 82/100 🔴
Status: Critical with Economic Crisis. Tripoli and surrounding areas face severe economic challenges as one in third Lebanese live under poverty line while today’s chemical warfare accusations and 50+ January strikes create maximum regional instability.

The port city’s commercial operations suffer from systematic attack surge (50+ January raids, double previous month) creating impossible business environment. Syrian refugee return plans (500,000 already returned, one million targeted this year) affect regional demographics and resources.

Social Affairs Minister’s statement at Dubai summit that “we can’t carry this burden any longer” regarding refugee hosting highlights severe resource strain affecting all northern regions.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare today and 50+ January strikes creating economic devastation while Syrian refugee pressure (1.5 million hosted, highest per capita globally) strains resources.

AKKAR 🌲

Index Reading: 83/100 🔴
Status: Critical with Refugee Border Management. The Syrian border situation experiences active management as Lebanon implements plan for majority of one million Syrian refugees to return this year, with 500,000 already returned from estimated 1.5 million total.

The government offers financial and non-financial incentives for humane returns while coordinating with Syrian authorities. “This is very much a result of the active plan that we put in co-ordination with the Syrian authorities,” according to Social Affairs Minister.

However, today’s chemical warfare accusations and 50+ January Israeli strikes create regional security concerns affecting border stability and refugee return implementation.

Key Factor: Syrian refugee return plan (one million targeted this year) amid today’s chemical warfare and 50+ January strikes affecting border security and regional stability.

BEQAA VALLEY 🍇

Index Reading: 88/100 🔴
Status: Critical – Chemical Warfare Zone. The valley experiences maximum danger as target of Israel’s chemical spraying campaign with unknown substances creating environmental crime alongside systematic military strikes.

The ongoing attacks have struck targets in dozens of cities and villages in the Bekaa Valley, destroying homes and displacing families. Today’s chemical warfare adds environmental dimension to ongoing military operations.

Agricultural operations face catastrophic disruption as chemical spraying of unknown substances threatens land, crops, and civilian health. The environmental crime creates long-term agricultural and health concerns beyond immediate military threats.

Aid agencies report that ongoing attacks hamper much-needed reconstruction efforts while dealing with aftermath of months of destructive conflict that left much of Lebanon in ruins.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare today targeting Bekaa Valley land while 50+ January strikes and ongoing operations creating agricultural environmental catastrophe.

BAALBEK-HERMEL 🕌

Index Reading: 89/100 🔴
Status: Critical – Environmental and Military Crisis. This region faces maximum danger as part of Bekaa Valley experiencing chemical warfare spraying alongside systematic military attacks (50+ January raids, highest since ceasefire).

Infrastructure remains severely compromised as part of $10-11 billion in damage from Israeli bombing. The chemical substance spraying adds environmental warfare to ongoing military operations creating comprehensive civilian threat.

The region’s agricultural significance makes chemical warfare particularly devastating as unknown substances threaten land viability and food production for entire populations.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare spraying unknown substances while 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level) creating comprehensive environmental and military catastrophe.

KESERWAN-JBEIL 🏛️

Index Reading: 76/100 🔴
Status: Critical with Regional Fear. The coastal governorate faces severe anxiety from today’s chemical warfare accusations and 50+ January strikes representing highest attack level since ceasefire despite relative physical distance.

Tourism sector faces complete collapse as chemical warfare, systematic attack surge (double previous month), and 330+ killed since ceasefire eliminate international confidence. One in three Lebanese living under poverty line affects domestic tourism viability.

Business operations proceed with extreme caution as environmental crime accusations combined with systematic military escalation create impossible planning environment.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare today and 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level) creating regional terror despite physical distance from chemical spraying zones.

SOUTH LEBANON 🌴

Index Reading: 94/100 🔴
Status: Critical – Active Chemical Warfare Zone. The south experiences maximum danger as primary target of Israel’s chemical spraying operations with unknown toxic substances creating environmental crime alongside today’s fresh airstrikes near Mahmoudiyeh.

Hezbollah has launched only one attack in the 14 months since ceasefire – extraordinary restraint while Israel killed 330+ people including 127+ civilians. The asymmetric response pattern demonstrates systematic aggression meets minimal resistance.

Israel continues occupying five strategic points in southern Lebanon despite ceasefire requirements. Approximately 64,000 people remain displaced as attacks target dozens of cities and villages destroying homes.

The chemical warfare creates additional dimension beyond military strikes – unknown substances sprayed over Lebanese towns threaten environmental health, agricultural viability, and long-term civilian safety. This constitutes environmental crime per President Aoun’s accusation today.

NRC reports ongoing attacks hamper reconstruction efforts, creating climate of fear and instability for residents. Families and children experience severe psychological impact from chemical warfare combined with systematic military operations.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare spraying unknown substances today plus fresh Mahmoudiyeh strikes while 50+ January raids (highest ceasefire level) and 330+ killed creating comprehensive environmental and military catastrophe.

NABATIEH ⛪

Index Reading: 92/100 🔴
Status: Critical – Chemical and Military Targeting. The governorate experiences extreme danger from chemical warfare spraying operations combined with systematic military strikes as part of attacks targeting dozens of southern cities and villages.

Civilian infrastructure faces chemical contamination alongside physical destruction. Medical facilities struggle with unknown substance exposure concerns while treating military strike casualties (330+ killed, 127+ civilians since ceasefire).

The environmental crime dimension adds long-term health concerns beyond immediate military threats. Unknown chemical substances create ongoing civilian exposure risks affecting populations for extended periods.

Key Factor: Chemical warfare unknown substances plus 50+ January strikes creating immediate and long-term environmental health catastrophe alongside military targeting.

🎯 CRITICAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE BRIEF – CHEMICAL WARFARE EMERGENCY

🔥 IMMEDIATE EXTREME HIGH-RISK AREAS:

Priority Level 1 – Chemical Warfare Zones Today:

1. Southern Lebanese Towns – Unknown chemicals sprayed by Israeli aircraft today
2. Mahmoudiyeh Area – Fresh IDF airstrikes today
3. Bekaa Valley Locations – Chemical spraying targeting agricultural land
4. All Areas Under Chemical Attack – Unknown toxic substances creating environmental crime
5. Five Israeli-Occupied Points – Continued occupation hindering operations

Priority Level 2 – Highest Strike Level Zones: 6. All South Lebanon – 50+ January raids, double previous month, highest ceasefire level 7. Bekaa Valley Cities – Dozens targeted in systematic surge 8. Displacement Corridors – 64,000 displaced requiring humanitarian support 9. Agricultural Areas – Chemical spraying threatening food production 10. Reconstruction Zones – Aid operations hampered by ongoing attacks

🚨 CHEMICAL WARFARE EMERGENCY – ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ACTIVE:

Today’s Chemical Attack Indicators:

• President Aoun Accusation: Environmental crime committed by Israel today
• Unknown Substances: Toxic chemicals sprayed over Lebanese towns
• UN Complaint Planned: Lebanon preparing Security Council documentation
• Agricultural Threat: Chemical contamination of farming land
• Long-term Health Risk: Unknown substance exposure creating ongoing danger

⚠️ IMMEDIATE EVACUATION REQUIRED – CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION:

Maximum Danger Chemical Zones:

• All Southern Lebanese Towns – Unknown chemical spraying active today
• Bekaa Valley Agricultural Areas – Chemical contamination threatening crops and health
• Areas with Fresh Strikes – Today’s Mahmoudiyeh and ongoing operations
• Displacement Recommended – 64,000 already displaced, chemical warfare creating additional risk
• Medical Emergency Areas – Unknown substance exposure requiring immediate treatment

📱 EMERGENCY SECURITY GUIDANCE – CHEMICAL WARFARE CRISIS

🏠 CRITICAL SURVIVAL GUIDANCE:

IMMEDIATE CHEMICAL WARFARE THREAT: Israel spraying unknown toxic chemicals over Lebanese towns today represents environmental crime creating immediate and long-term civilian health risks alongside systematic military operations (50+ January strikes, highest ceasefire level).

EMERGENCY CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ACTIONS:

• AVOID ALL OUTDOOR EXPOSURE – Unknown chemicals being sprayed creating contamination
• SEALED SHELTER IMMEDIATELY – Chemical substances require protected indoor environments
• WATER CONTAMINATION RISK – Unknown chemicals may affect water supplies
• FOOD SAFETY CONCERNS – Agricultural areas targeted with toxic substances
• MEDICAL ATTENTION URGENT – Unknown substance exposure requires immediate medical assessment

50+ JANUARY STRIKES PATTERN: The doubling of attacks from previous month (50+ raids) represents systematic escalation creating highest violation level since November 2024 ceasefire. Combined with chemical warfare, Lebanon faces comprehensive environmental and military catastrophe.

ECONOMIC SURVIVAL CRISIS: With $10-11 billion in damage, one in three Lebanese under poverty line, and chemical warfare destroying agricultural land, long-term economic survival becomes impossible without immediate international intervention.

🏢 EMERGENCY BUSINESS PROTOCOLS:

MANDATORY CHEMICAL SAFETY:

• IMMEDIATE OPERATIONS SUSPENSION – Chemical warfare creating unsafe working conditions
• EMPLOYEE HEALTH PRIORITY – Unknown substance exposure requiring medical monitoring
• AGRICULTURAL SHUTDOWN – Chemical contamination making farming operations impossible
• SUPPLY CHAIN COLLAPSE – 50+ monthly strikes plus chemical warfare eliminating logistics

🚗 EMERGENCY TRAVEL STATUS:

ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION – CHEMICAL WARFARE ACTIVE: ISRAEL CONDUCTING CHEMICAL WARFARE SPRAYING UNKNOWN TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Current emergency conditions:

• Chemical Warfare Today – Unknown toxic substances sprayed over Lebanese towns
• Environmental Crime – President Aoun accusation of systematic contamination
• 50+ January Strikes – Highest attack level since ceasefire (double previous month)
• 330+ Killed – Including 127+ civilians since ceasefire
• 64,000 Displaced – Approximately 64,000 requiring humanitarian support
• Agricultural Contamination – Chemical substances threatening food production

🔮 CRITICAL 24-HOUR SECURITY FORECAST

Predicted Index Reading: 92/100
Forecast Trend: ⚡ CHEMICAL WARFARE ESCALATION EXPECTED

Imminent Maximum Threats:

1. Additional Chemical Spraying – Today’s operations suggesting continued environmental warfare
2. Unknown Substance Health Effects – Long-term exposure consequences uncertain
3. Continued Strike Escalation – 50+ January raids suggesting sustained high-level operations
4. Agricultural Catastrophe – Chemical contamination creating food security crisis
5. UN Complaint Response – Lebanese documentation creating diplomatic confrontation

Critical Analysis: Chemical warfare spraying unknown toxic substances represents fundamental escalation beyond conventional military operations. Combined with 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level, double previous month), Israel demonstrates systematic escalation pattern requiring immediate international emergency response.

📊 CHEMICAL WARFARE SECURITY ANALYSIS

Today’s Crisis Level: Environmental Crime – Chemical Warfare Active
Chemical Attack: Unknown toxic substances sprayed over Lebanese towns today
Strike Escalation: 50+ January raids, double previous month, highest ceasefire level
Total Casualties: 330+ killed (127+ civilians) since ceasefire
Economic Devastation: $10-11 billion damage, one third under poverty line
Displacement: Approximately 64,000 displaced

Critical Analysis: Today’s chemical warfare spraying represents systematic escalation creating environmental crime alongside military operations. President Aoun’s accusation of environmental crime and planned UN Security Council complaint demonstrates governmental recognition of fundamental warfare escalation.

The Norwegian Refugee Council’s documentation of 50+ January airstrikes (double previous month, highest since November 2024 ceasefire) combined with chemical warfare creates comprehensive attack pattern targeting both immediate military and long-term environmental civilian infrastructure.

Hezbollah’s extraordinary restraint (only one attack in 14 months) while Israel killed 330+ including 127+ civilians demonstrates asymmetric aggression pattern. Chemical warfare adds environmental dimension creating agricultural, health, and long-term civilian survival threats.

Economic devastation ($10-11 billion damage, one third under poverty line) combined with chemical agricultural contamination creates comprehensive humanitarian catastrophe requiring immediate international emergency intervention.

🛡️ CIS SECURITY: CHEMICAL WARFARE EMERGENCY RESPONSE

🚨 MAXIMUM EMERGENCY – ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ACTIVE

CIS Security activates maximum chemical warfare emergency protocols as Israel sprays unknown toxic substances over Lebanese towns today while conducting 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level).

IMMEDIATE CHEMICAL WARFARE RESPONSE:

Environmental Crime Protection:

• Chemical Exposure Monitoring – Professional assessment of unknown substance contamination
• Sealed Facility Operations – Protected environments during chemical spraying
• Medical Emergency Coordination – Immediate response for unknown substance exposure
• Contamination Avoidance – Professional routing and shelter during chemical operations

Highest Strike Level Response:

• 50+ Monthly Operations Tracking – Real-time monitoring of systematic escalation
• Fresh Strike Response – Today’s Mahmoudiyeh and ongoing operations
• Displacement Coordination – Humanitarian support for 64,000 displaced persons
• Reconstruction Protection – Security for aid operations hampered by attacks

Agricultural Catastrophe Management:

• Chemical Contamination Assessment – Professional evaluation of agricultural land exposure
• Food Security Coordination – Alternative supply chains during agricultural crisis
• Water Safety Monitoring – Contamination assessment for drinking supplies
• Long-term Health Planning – Unknown substance exposure monitoring protocols

SPECIALIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME SERVICES:

Today’s Chemical Warfare:

• Professional monitoring of toxic substance spraying operations
• Medical emergency response for unknown chemical exposure
• Contamination zone identification and avoidance coordination
• UN complaint evidence documentation and international coordination

Systematic Escalation Response:

• Real-time tracking of 50+ monthly strikes (highest ceasefire level)
• Professional assessment of doubling attack pattern implications
• Evacuation coordination for 64,000 displaced populations
• Humanitarian protection during reconstruction operation interference

Economic Survival Support:

• Security services enabling operations amid $10-11 billion damage
• Professional protection during one-third poverty line crisis
• International coordination for economic emergency response
• Alternative economic framework security during collapse conditions

🚨 IMMEDIATE CHEMICAL EMERGENCY CONTACT

CHEMICAL WARFARE HOTLINE: +961-3-539900
Direct connection to environmental crime and chemical exposure emergency specialists

TOXIC SUBSTANCE RESPONSE: Professional coordination during unknown chemical spraying
50+ STRIKE MONITORING: Real-time tracking of highest ceasefire violation level
DISPLACEMENT SUPPORT: Humanitarian security for 64,000 displaced persons

Chemical Emergency Centers:

• Environmental Crime Command: Unknown substance monitoring and UN complaint documentation
• Medical Emergency Center: Chemical exposure treatment coordination
• Agricultural Protection: Food security and contamination assessment
• Economic Survival Support: Security during $10-11 billion damage recovery

When Israel sprays unknown toxic chemicals creating environmental crime while conducting 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level), CIS Security’s chemical warfare emergency protocols and comprehensive protection ensure civilian survival during systematic environmental and military catastrophe.

⚠️ CHEMICAL WARFARE OPERATIONAL EMERGENCY

CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME: Israel spraying unknown toxic chemicals over Lebanese towns today per President Aoun accusation while conducting 50+ January airstrikes (double previous month, highest since November 2024 ceasefire) creating comprehensive chemical warfare and military escalation emergency.

UN Complaint Preparation: Lebanon documenting toxic substance spraying for Security Council complaint alongside 2,036 documented sovereignty breaches October-December 2025.

Humanitarian Catastrophe: 330+ killed (127+ civilians) since ceasefire, 64,000 displaced, $10-11 billion damage, one third under poverty line, agricultural chemical contamination creating comprehensive survival crisis.

Professional Emergency Commitment: CIS Security maintains maximum chemical warfare response protocols during environmental crime spraying, 50+ monthly strike escalation (highest ceasefire level), and economic survival crisis requiring immediate comprehensive international emergency intervention.

🔍 PROFESSIONAL SECURITY SERVICES – CIS SECURITY LEBANON

Trusted Security Excellence Since 1990 – “Because Your Safety Isn’t Optional”

During Israel’s chemical warfare spraying unknown toxic substances today and 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level, double previous month), trust CIS Security’s 35+ years proven expertise. As Lebanon’s most reviewed security company, we provide comprehensive chemical warfare emergency response including toxic substance monitoring, unknown chemical exposure coordination, highest strike level tracking, and agricultural contamination assessment. Our trained, uniformed, and licensed security personnel deliver 24/7 protection during environmental crime and systematic military escalation.

CIS Security Chemical Warfare Services:

• Environmental Crime Response – Unknown toxic substance monitoring and exposure protection
• 50+ Strike Level Tracking – Real-time monitoring of highest ceasefire violation escalation
• Medical Emergency Coordination – Chemical exposure treatment and health monitoring
• Agricultural Protection – Food security and contamination assessment services
• Displacement Support – Humanitarian security for 64,000 displaced persons
• Economic Survival – Professional protection during $10-11 billion damage recovery

Why Choose CIS During Chemical Warfare: ✓ 35+ Years Crisis Experience – Proven security during environmental crime and military escalation
✓ Chemical Warfare Response – Professional toxic substance monitoring and exposure protection
✓ Highest Strike Tracking – Real-time 50+ monthly raid escalation monitoring
✓ Medical Emergency – Chemical exposure coordination and health assessment
✓ Agricultural Protection – Food security during contamination crisis
✓ Comprehensive Support – Security during 330+ casualties and economic catastrophe

Chemical Emergency Response: 📞 Environmental Crime Hotline: +961-3-539900
💬 Toxic Substance Monitoring: Real-time chemical spraying tracking and exposure protection
🌐 Highest Strike Protection: www.cissecurity.net – 50+ monthly escalation response
📧 Medical Coordination: Chemical exposure treatment and agricultural contamination assessment

Serving all Lebanese governorates during chemical warfare emergency: unknown toxic substances sprayed today, 50+ January strikes (highest ceasefire level, double previous month), 330+ killed (127+ civilians), 64,000 displaced, $10-11 billion damage. CIS Security – Your trusted partner providing comprehensive protection when Israel conducts environmental crime chemical warfare while systematic military escalation creates comprehensive humanitarian catastrophe requiring immediate international emergency intervention.